阐述Defamiliarization“AmericawasnoAmerica”AnAnalysisofDefamiliarizationofFocalizat

论文导读：asimmigrantstorybutalsoasanAmericanstory.”(JiangDaochao，2002：89)2.DiscussionInthispart，Iwillfirstlygiveabriefintroductionabouttheliterarytermsofdefamiliarizationandfocalization.Then，Ipickupsomeexampleromthenoveltoillustratehowtheemploymentofdefa
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摘要：Since America is regarded as a booming and free country filling with fantasies，a large quantity of immigrants with American dream crowd in America.Although anyone has the possibilities of realizing dream and achieving success theoretically，in reality，this is not the case.The same truth is also reflected 源于：论文写作www.7ctime.com
in the novel of Typical American.Through the main chanters’ unique focalizations to find out what “America” is really like.
关键词：Defamiliarization；Focalization；Typical American
1009-0118（2013）01-0353-02
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1.Introduction

Typical American was Gish Jen’s first novel and it was named “Notable Book of the Year” by The New York Times and was among the finalists for the 1991 National Book Critics Circle Award.Typical American is a novel about Chinese immigrants and their experience of adjustment to America.As for the title，according to Gish Jen(MELUS interview,1993：115)，it is an irony.“‘Typical American’ is a phrase that the Changs use to describe people who are not them，and yet by the end of the book，of course，they become ‘typical Americans’ themselves.Gish Jen wanted to challenge ideas of what a ‘typical American’ looks like，to put forward the idea that the Changs are not any less American than anyone else.” Just as she said that “I hope that Typical American is not only regarded as immigrant story but also as an American story.”(Jiang Daochao，2002：89)

2.Discussion

In this part，I will firstly give a brief introduction about the literary terms of defamiliarization and focalization.Then，I pick up some examples from the novel to illustrate how the employment of defamiliarization of focalization highlights the theme of fiction.

2.1 Defamiliarization and Focalization

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1.1 Defamiliarization

The concept论文导读：slinguisticmedium，asVictorShklovskyputitinaninfluentialformulation，istoestrangeordefamiliarize;thatis，bydisruptingthemodesofordinarylinguisticdiscourse，literature“makesstrange”theworldofeverydayperceptionandrenewsthereader’slostcapacityforfreshsensation.Defa
of defamiliarization was raised by Shklovsky.The primary aim of literature in thus foregrounding its linguistic medium，as Victor Shklovsky put it in an influential formulation，is to estrange or defamiliarize; that is，by disrupting the modes of ordinary linguistic discourse，literature “makes strange” the world of everyday perception and renews the reader’s lost capacity for fresh sensation.Defamiliarization，Shklovsky argues，is accordingly the basic principle of artistic “form” and it is used in literary works not only in literary devices but also in narrative techniques like focalization.The employment of a unique focalization will cast a strange and new light on familiar things.(Zhu，2002：9)源于：毕业设计论文致谢www.7ctime.com
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