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不同治疗方法对肝癌合并脾功能亢进疗效分析-

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[摘要] 目的 探讨不同方法治疗肝癌合并脾功能亢进患者的临床疗效和意义。 方法 回顾性分析2007~2010年收治的63例肝癌合并脾功能亢进患者的临床资料,其中,26例行单纯肝癌切除术(Ⅰ组),18例行肝切除同时联合脾切除或脾动脉结扎(Ⅱ组),19例行术前部分性脾栓塞(partial splenic embolization,PSE)联合肝切除(Ⅲ组)。观察3组治疗前后外周血细胞变化情况,分析围术期出血、输血和并发症等情况,比较各组1、3年总生存率。 结果 联合手术组术后外周血白细胞、血小板均较单纯手术组明显改善,与术前PSE组无明显差异。术前PSE组患者出血量和输血量均较Ⅱ组和Ⅰ组明显减少(P < 0.05)。联合手术组和术前PSE组的术后并发症明显低于单纯手术组患者,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组患者1、3年总生存率分别为:68.5%、38.1%,82.8%、52.6%和85.5%、56.3%,Ⅰ组患者显著低于Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组(P < 0.05)。 结论 肝脾联合手术和术前PSE是治疗肝癌合并脾功能亢进安全、有效的方法。术前PSE治疗更适合严重的门脉高压、巨脾、老龄和体质差患者。
[关键词] 肝癌;脾功能亢进;肝切除;脾切除;部分性脾栓塞
[] A[文章编号] 1674-4721(2012)07(c)-0046-03
Clinical analysis of diverse treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with hyperspleni
LIN Zhi1 YU Wusheng1 LU Chunli1 LU Huanquan1 HU Xiarong1 WU Zhiming1 YIN Yongshuo1 WANG Zaiguo1 WEI Wei2 GUO Rongping2
1.Department of Oncology Surgery, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan 523018, China; 2.Department of Hepatobilliary Oncology, Cancer Center of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the efficacy of diverse treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with hyperspleni. Methods The clinical data of 63 patients of hepatocellular carcinoma with hyperspleni from 2007 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed, 26 patients only accepted hepatectomy (group Ⅰ),18 patients accepted hepatectomy in combination with splenectomy or splenic artery ligation (group Ⅱ), and 19 patients underwent partial splenic embolization (PSE) before operation (group Ⅲ). The platelets, white blood cells, complication, intro-operative blood loss and tranusion requirement and survival were analyzed retrospectively. Results The WBC and PLT counts in the blood samples of the PSE group were higher than those in the single operation group after operation. There were no singnificant differences in the WBC and PLT counts between the PSE group and the combined group. Intro-operative blood loss and tranusion requirement in the PSE group were lower than in the single operation group and the combined group (P < 0.05). Postoperative complications in the PSE group and the combined group were significantly less than that in the single operation group. The 1-year and 3-year survivalrates were 68.5% and 38.1% for group Ⅰ, 82.8% and 52.6% for group Ⅱ, 85.5% and 56.3% for group Ⅲ, respectively. Conclusion Synchronous splenectomy and preoperativ PSE can increase the safety and effectiveness of hepatocellular carcinoma with hyperspleni. The treatment of preoperative PSE is more suitable for severe portal hypertension, the megalosplenia, older age and p源于:7彩论文网免费论文查重www.7ctime.com
hysical poor patients.源于:7彩论文网论文格式标准www.7ctime.com

3.2 肝脾联合手术的安全性和意义

肝癌切除联合脾切除术曾因患者凝血机制和抗感染能力低下,被认为手术风险极高、并发症多,而视为手术禁忌。近年来研究表明,同期肝脾联合切除术不但没有增加手术的风险和术后并发症,而且有益于改善凝血功能和机体免疫,提高患者抗感染能力[5-6]。本研究中,联合手术组患者手术后外周血白细胞和血小板均明显升高,肝功能在术后恢复较单纯切除组快,因为此类手术的创伤较大,术中出血量和围术期输血量虽然少多于单纯肝癌切除患者,但差异无统计学意义。术后的并发症无明显增加,而上消化道出血、肝衰竭/肝性脑病等严重并发症则明显减少,提示联合手术组没有增加手术的风险,反而减少了术后严重并发症的发生。
本组发生1例较严重的门静脉血栓产生大量腹水及下肢水肿。查阅文献[7]发现脾切除后易导致门静脉血栓形成(发生率达0.7%~23.0%),可引起肝衰竭、难治性腹水或食管胃底曲张静脉破裂出血。本例经抗凝及对症治疗等后好转,考虑原因可能与脾脏体积过大、脾脏血管整块结扎切断有关。Ushitora Y等[8]利用动态CT观察门静脉/脾静脉血栓的发生率较高,达34.2% (13/38),多因素分析显示,脾脏的大小是发生术后静脉血栓的独立危险因素。而我国学者[9]则认为,脾切除后门静脉血栓的形成与术后门论文导读:reoperativepartialsplenicembolizationinhepatocellularcarcinomaandhypersplenicthrombocytopenia.Hepatogastroenterology,2011,58(112):2062-2066.OhnoT,FuruiJ,HashimotoT,etal.Simultaneouslaparoscopichand-assistedhepatectomyandsplenectomyforlivercancerwithhyperspleni:report
静脉压力下降水平显著相关。本组观察到的门静脉血栓发生率并不高,考虑是因笔者并未采用彩超或CT密切监测门静脉血栓,文献报道[13]脾切除后门静脉血栓实际上的发生率较高,而75%的门静脉血栓在临床上未表现出明显症状。因而,脾切除后需要密切注意和观察,防止严重血栓导致肝损伤和门静脉高压加重。

3.3 肝癌伴脾功能亢进治疗方法的选择

安全性、总生存率和生活质量是选择治疗方案最重要的指标。本研究中肝脾联合手术和术前PSE患者无手术死亡病例,提示这两种治疗方案的风险无明显增加;另外,手术后的并发症减少,尤其是消化道大出血等并发症明显减少,患者生活质量提高。
上消化道出血是门脉高压性脾亢致死的最主要的风险之一,甚至可以出现致命性的食管静脉曲张破裂大出血。本研究结果显示,联合手术组和术前PSE组患者的近、远期上消化道出血率均明显低于单纯手术组,提示脾切除和PSE对食管静脉曲张破裂出血有较好的预防作用。Wang Q等[10]研究也发现,肝脾联合手术治疗肝癌伴脾功能亢进可明显降低门静脉压力,对减少和预防上消化道出血有较大的意义,表明脾切除和术前PSE对于预防和减少消化道出血有重要的临床意义。
脾切除术后有较高的门静脉血栓发生率,明显高于行PSE者,严重时出现致命性损伤,尤其是肝硬化严重、巨脾的患者,以及年龄偏大、有基础疾病的患者,这些患者接受术前PSE治疗可能更有益于提高生存率。本研究中,术前PSE组和肝脾联合手术组患者1、3年的总生存率较单纯肝癌切除显著提高,但这两组间的1、3年总生存率无明显差异,提示术前PSE和肝脾联合手术均能改善患者的预后。Chen等随访94例肝脾联合手术者和110例单纯肝癌切除者5年的无瘤生存率分别为37.2%和27.2%,显示出肝脾联合手术对改善患者预后的益处。因而,肝癌合并脾亢治疗方案的选择应遵循个体化原则,针对每一个患者应该综合评价效益/风险比,根据患者全身情况脾脏大小和血小板减少程度综合判断,做出最优化的选择。
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(收稿日期:2012-06-19本文编辑:赵丽萍)