试议元音维吾尔语和谐现象音系学

论文导读：ence),评估历程即可终止。串行优选论的循环评估允许音系推导的中间历程有着,这就使得并行优选论无法解释的由于音系规则运用顺序导致的音系不透明性得到合理解释。维吾尔语包含由元音弱化规则产生的派生中性元音的词的和谐历程涉及到弱化规则与和谐规则的有序作用,其表层和谐现象在传统优选论中无法得以解释。本论文将串行优
摘要：本论文对维吾尔语元音和谐现象进行了系统、全面的音系学探讨。在对维吾尔语和谐现象详尽描述的基础上,本论文根据对立性特点层级论述(contrastive hierarchy)解读了维吾尔语元音系统底层特点赋值,以而揭示了维吾尔语和谐现象的形成机制、实现策略。在串行优选论(Harmonic Seriap)的论述框架下,浅析解释了维吾尔语中性元音以及外来词的不和谐性,尤其是由元音弱化规则所派生的中性元音在和谐历程中的复杂性。维吾尔语属阿尔泰语系突厥语族,同其他突厥语言一样,维吾尔语具有元音和谐,即同一词内所有元音都拥有某一个相同的特点。维吾尔语元音和谐体现在[+后位性]([+back])特点的一致性,即一个词(包括词缀)的元音,或都是前元音,或都是后元音。在维吾尔语词汇中还有着大量“不和谐”的词,其主要是包含有中性元音的词。维吾尔语中性元音/i/和/e/既可以和后元音共现,也可以与前元音共现。无论词根中和谐元音为前元音还是后元音,后缀中性元音始终没有交替变化。中性元音在维吾尔语和谐中,既不触发和谐历程,也不阻断其他元音和谐历程,由此,中性元音在维吾尔语中是透明的(transparent)。中性元音一直是元音和谐探讨中的难点。对元音,尤其是中性元音,底层的特点赋值直接联系到元音和谐历程的不同解读。对立性特点层级论述(Dresher2002,2003a,2009)对音段底层特点如何赋值提供了有力的论述依据。对立性特点层级论述认为,音段的底层特点赋值是由音段的特点对立性决定的,只有那些能够体现音段之间对立性的特点才可以出现在底层表达式中,而是否具有对立性特点,则由特点层级排列顺序决定。本论文以此为依据,提出维吾尔语元音和谐系统三个对立性区别特点：[后位性]、[低位性]、[圆唇性]。这三个特点以[低位性][圆唇性][后位性]的层级排列顺序,将维吾尔语元音系统切分为不同子集。该元音子集切分完全与元音音段在和谐规则中的体现相吻合。如中性元音被切分为一个不具有[后位性]特点的子集,而中性元音在和谐规则中的不和谐性完全是由其不具有[后位性]特点所决定的。其他能够触发和谐历程的元音都具有[后位性]这一对立特点。由此,本论文提出,对立特点排列层级决定了维吾尔语和谐元音在底层已赋值[后位性]这一对立特点,并在词库项中,决定元音和谐的自主音段[后位性]特点已与词干和谐元音相连,而中性元音不具备这一特点,由此既不触发和谐历程,也不阻断其他元音和谐历程,即对和谐历程完全透明。本论文认为,在由词干制约的维吾尔语元音和谐规则中,后缀中的交替元音底层[后位性]未赋值,其[后位性]特点必须由词干中具有这一特点的元音处获得,由此产生词干元音与词缀元音在[后位性]特点上的一致性,即元音和谐。根据以上确定的维吾尔语元音和谐机制,本论文在串行优选论框架下浅析解释了维吾尔语词汇在和谐规则与元音弱化规则共同作用下体现出的表层多样性、复杂性。串行优选论是由McCarthy (2000,2002,2010a)提出的基于传统优选论的串行循环评估优选论述。串行优选论与传统并行优选论的一个最大不同之处在于其评估机制是串行循环进行的,即每一评估历程产生的最优项进入生成器进行再次评估,评估历程反复进行,直到最后生成的优选项与输入项相同,即候选项无法再被优化,这时输出项与输入项发生“聚合”(convergence),评估历程即可终止。串行优选论的循环评估允许音系推导的中间历程有着,这就使得并行优选论无法解释的由于音系规则运用顺序导致的音系不透明性得到合理解释。维吾尔语包含由元音弱化规则产生的派生中性元音的词的和谐历程涉及到弱化规则与和谐规则的有序作用,其表层和谐现象在传统优选论中无法得以解释。本论文将串行优选论运用于维吾尔语元音和谐现象,提出以下制约条件及其排列顺序：NoCROSS, REDUCE,*Link-i, e Link[back] EDGE (F, R) Dep(pnk), Max(pnk).根据以上排列的制约条件,在串行优选论框架下,维吾尔语表层纷繁复杂的各种和谐与不和谐现象得到了简洁、一致的合理解释。关键词：维吾尔语元音和谐论文底层特点赋值论文对立特点层级论述论文串行优选论论文派生中性元音论文
本论文由www.7ctime.com,需要论文可以联系人员哦。Acknowledgements6-8
Abstract8-11
摘要11-13
Contents13-17
Chapter Ⅰ Introduction17-31
1.1 Vowel Harmony and its Difficulties17-20
1.2 Language Discussed in the Dissertation20-22

1.3 The Research Questions22-26

1.4 Significance of the Study26-28

1.5 Organization of the Dissertation28-31

Chapter Ⅱ Vowel Harmony:Background and Phenomena in Uyghur31-85
2.1 General Introduction of Harmony Process31-38
2.1.1 Definition and Characteristics of Harmony Process31-35
2.

1.2 Typology of Harmony Patterns35-38

2.2 Controversial Issues in Vowel Harmony38-60

2.1 Locapty38-44

2.2.

1.1 Relativised Locapty40-42

2.2.

1.2 Strict Locapty42-44

2.2.2 Features44-48
2.2.2.1 Fu论文导读：4.1SimilaritiesandContrasts124-1294.1.1SimilarityinParticipantsofUyghurHarmony126-1284.1.2ContrastinParticipantsofUyghurHarmony128-1294.2ContrastandHarmonyProcess129-1394.2.1ContrastiveFeatureSensitivity129-1354.2.2ContrastiveHierarchyHypothesis135-1394.3ContrastiveHierarc
lly Specified or Underspecified44-46

2.2 Active Feature vs.Inert Feature46-48

2.3 Neutral Vowel48-57

2.3.1 Transparency51-55

2.3.2 Blocking55-57

2.4 Directionapty57-60

2.3 Uyghur Harmony60-73

2.3.1 Uyghur Vowel System60-63

2.3.2 Uyghur Palatal Harmony63-64

2.3.3 Uyghur Labial Harmony64-70

2.3.4 Consonant Participatin in Uyghur Harmony70-72

2.3.5 Disharmony in Uyghur72-73

2.4 Neutral vowels in Uyghur73-81

2.

4.1 Neutral Vowel in Palatal Harmony75-76

2.

4.2 Neutral Vowel in Labial Harmony76-77

2.4.3 Derived Neutral Vowels77-80

2.4.3.1 Neutral Vowel Derived from Raising77-79
2.4.3.2 Neutral Vowel Derived from Umlauting79-80
2.4.4 Summary:the Properties of Neutral Vowels in Uyghur Harmony80-81
2.5 Directionapty of Harmony in Uyghur81-82

2.6 Summary82-85

Chapter Ⅲ Theoretical Background and Studies on Uyghur Harmony85-123

3.1 Rule-based Approach85-88

3.2 Representational Approach88-93

3.3 Constraint-based Approach93-111

3.3.1 Feature Apgnment,Feature Spreading and Feature Agreement95-97
3.3.2 Analysis of Neutral Vowels with ALIGNMENT, SPREAD and AGREEMENT97-104

3.3 Directionapty in OT104-106

3.3.4 Problems in OT Analysis on Harmony Patterns106-111
3.3.4.1 Problems of Majority Rules and Sour Grapes107-109
3.3.

4.2 Problem of Parallel Evaluation109-111

3.4 Previous Studies on Uyghur Harmony111-121
3.4.1 Lindblad's Analysis of Neutrapzation112-116
3.4.2 Vaux's Analysis of Transparency116-121

3.5 Summary121-123

Chapter Ⅳ Operational Mechani of Uyghur Harmony123-163

4.1 Similarities and Contrasts124-129

4.1.1 Similarity in Participants of Uyghur Harmony126-128
4.1.2 Contrast in Participants of Uyghur Harmony128-129

4.2 Contrast and Harmony Process129-139

4.2.1 Contrastive Feature Sensitivity129-135
4.2.2 Contrastive Hierarchy Hypothesis135-139
4.3 Contrastive Hierarchy Analysis for Uyghur Vowel System139-154
4.3.1 Patterning of Uyghur Vowels in Harmony Process139-142
4.3.2 Contrastive Features for Uyghur Vowels142-143
4.3.3 The Contrastive Hierarchy for Uyghur Vowel System143-152
4.3.4 The Contrastive Hierarchy Analysis of Turkish Vowel System152-154
4.4 Relativized Locapty in Uyghur Harmony154-156
4.5 The Operational Mechani of Uyghur Harmony156-160

4.6 Summary160-163

Chapter Ⅴ Formal Analysis of Uyghur Harmony163-201
5.1 An introduction to Harmonic Seriap165-174
5.1.1 Basic Principles of Harmonic Seriap167-171
5.1.2 Advantages of HS over Classic OT171-174

5.2 HS and Uyghur Harmony174-198

5.

2.1 Underlying Representation174-178

5.

2.2 Constraints178-183

5.

2.3 Analysis183-196

5.2.3.1 Non-neutral Vowel Word论文导读：Study201-2076.2TheoreticalImppcations207-2106.3RemainingProblemsandFurtherPerspectives210-213Bibpography213-230AppendixⅠ230-231AppendixⅡ231-232AppendixⅢ232上一页123
s183-186
5.

2.3.2 Disharmonic Words186-187

5.

2.3.3 Words with Neutral Vowels187-196

5.2.4 Directionapty of Uyghur Harmony196-198

5.3 Summary198-201

Chapter Ⅵ Conclusions, Theoretical Imppcations and Remaining Problems201-213

6.1 Summary of the Present Study201-207

6.2 Theoretical Imppcations207-210

6.3 Remaining Problems and Further Perspectives210-213
Bibpography213-230
Appendix Ⅰ230-231
Appendix Ⅱ231-232
Appendix Ⅲ232