Diagnosis of parathyroid tumor using Color Doppler ultrasound

论文导读：准格式www.7ctime.comrole.Inrecentyears,supersoundleaddown,examinemarkanshipwalkliverpuncturethetechnologythatexamineslivingtoemployatclinicextensivelybecomingwhilebeingliving.Inordertoappraiseitsapplicationeffect,speciallycarryonreviewingsummaryanalysis.
Abstract: What the liver organized examining to the diagnosis of liver disease, course of disease alive is appraised and treated and taught fruits by stages, judge respects such as the prognosis,etc. play an important源于：论文参考文献标准格式www.7ctime.com
role. In recent years, supersound lead down, examine markanship walk liver puncture the technology that examines living to employ at clinic extensively becoming while being living. In order to appraise its application effect, specially carry on reviewing summary analysis.
Key words: Color Doppler ultrasound; Diagnosis; Tumour
1 Introduction

1.1 Clinical materials

Ultrasonography B is guided, made, examined 44 cases of markanship alive, 34 men, 10 women, 16-65 years old, 34 erage years olds. The tradition punctures 23 laws after Ultrasonography B makes a reservation, 18 men, 5 women. 23-59 years old, erage 35. 5 years old. 20 cases of chronic hepatitis B among them, the liver cirrhosis l example, silt and gallbladder hepatitis are one, alcohol fatty liver I example. Puncture the intersection of case and the intersection of blood and the intersection of index and blood platelet> 80,000, PT< contrasts 3s normally.
2 Instrument and method
Use the instrument as SIEMENS little lion king. Pop one's head frequency 35 Ml-lz. Protruding configuration puncture, pop one's head, examine rifle and it examines needles to be the intersection of Company and product, BARD of U.S.A., while being living while being living, living examining the needle is 1820, 1616. The traditional liver punctures the law and uses and examines the needle as Tru-Cut of 16G alive.
Puncture the method: The patient fetches and lies supine the location or lies on the left side in the location. Hands locate in the side of head, Ultrasonography B is easy to puncture some and enter the needle route to confirm. It is easy to enter the needle depth to measure. Puncture the route and oid the liver trunk. Regular to sterilize, spread the piece of cloth. The intersection of installation and easy person who guide pop one's head, 1% lidocaine office rough, advise patient to be calm to hold one's breath breathe, enter the whole course of the needle and go on under control. Enter liver essence 2 as pinpoint, puncture at the 3 till, draw, produce, puncture stitch rapidly draw materials, 1/ 10 s can finish the liver to puncture. And the tradition punctures the law, the patient goes back to the ward after ultrasonic determination is easy to puncture some, oriented and walks and论文导读：ighquality,itisshorttopuncturethetimetodrawmaterials,patient'sagonyislittle,obviouslyreducedtheemergenceofcomplication.Tosomeme:WA>30%-40%,Ortheyellowsubcutaneousulcerpatientofdepth,guide,make,examinemarkanshiptopuncturealivewithUltrasonographyB,comp
punctured and draws materials according to Ultrasonography B by the clinician. Because the patient's body posture changes, subjective influence factors such as the clinician's experience, entering the needle depth, entering the assurance of the angle of needle,etc. are relatively great, success of needing puncture 2- 3 times sometimes and draw materials. Obtain the liver to hand over dept. of pathology and walk and break after organizing the sample, the immune group, the electric mirror is checked. The patient is regular to lie in bed after the liver is worn, observe 24 h, the postoperative out patient can lee away after observing 6- 8 h not unusual.3 Result
Ultrasonography B is guided, downed alive while examining 44 cases of markanship, puncture success, 100% of success rate all one time; Tradition puncture 7 fail, puncture, succeed at one time in the 23 of law, 69 success rate. 57%, the square test of success rate card of two groups of methods is expressed X2=11. 88,P<0. Ol, he the intersection of significance and difference, two fetch liver organize the sample and more than three is remitted the area under control, agree with a pathology and check the requirement, can get clear pathological diagnosis.
Ultrasonography B is guided, laid alive, examined postoperative markanship, had bile leaking, pneumothorax, bleeds and other complications takes place in one. And tradition puncture the intersection of law and liver puncture postoperative the intersection of pain and 3, bleed one.
4 Discussion
Organize pathology check in occupy the important status on diagnosis, classification and prognosis, liver of disease judge, diagnose clearly, weigh inflammatory activity degree, fiber intensity and judging the gold standard of the curative effect of medicine. Ultrasonography B lead lower live学位论文参考文献格式www.7ctime.com
r it punctures to be can according to draw materials, need, change entering the intersection of needle and depth and the intersection of angle and freedom, puncture the route according to a line of control of needle strictly, can guarantee to lead the line to oid the trunk, entering the needle depth can also determine accurately, will not change by oneself. Examine markanship, cut fast while being living, strength strong even, enter needle to be accurate, obtain and organize the shape to be intact, the sample is high quality, it is short to puncture the time to draw materials, patient's agony is little, obviously reduced the emergence of complication. To some me: WA> 30% - 40% , Or the yellow subcutaneous ulcer patient of depth, guide, make, examine markanship to puncture alive with Ultrasonography B, complication of leaking, bleeding etc. the bile happens in the same way,论文导读：egotoadoctor.Physicalexamination:Generallyinsoundcondition,bodytemperaturepulseisnormal,medicineisenergeticbeforetheneck,thetracheaisbetweentwoparties,thyroidglandIdegreeisswelling,femurandshinbonetenderness.CompetentX-rayexaminationshowsbehindpeople'scou
live and examine the relative taboo disease punctured after narrowing the liver.
5 Analysis of cases 1
The intersection of patient and woman, 36 year old, because 5 year such as pain in the back, pairs of lower extremities pain 2 year, thirsty to drink more, weight drop, come institute go to a doctor. Physical examination: Generally in sound condition, body temperature pulse is normal, medicine is energetic before the neck, the trachea is between two parties, thyroid gland I degree is swelling, femur and shin bone tenderness. Competent X-ray examination shows behind people's courtyard: Skull, body of vertebra, phalanx osteoporosis. Check and show in the laboratory: Blood PTH 246g/ml, blood calcium 13. 0 mg/dl, blood phosphorus 1. 7mg/dl. Consider clinically the gland function is hyperfunction by first form, propose doing the gland by first form, the ultrasonic inspection of kidney.The color exceeds showing: The left leaf lower part of thyroid gland carries the side and sees one 4. 9 x 2 pa. 4 cm* 1. 9 cm low echo district, the perimeter slightly takes the form of and divides foliately, the border is clear, is like hing membrane of bag. It presents the double layers and strengthens the echo to take with thyroid gland (Fig. 1) . Colored Doppler sees the internal blood flow signal is abundant. The supersound is diagnosed: The adenoma possibility of gland is great by first form. Operation finding: The swollen thing is after the left leaf of thyroid gland,rubescent, know with the thyroid gland boundary, size is about 5. 0c m* 2.5cm. The pathologic report is gland adenoma by first form.
Discuss: It mainly causes metabolic disorder of internal calcium that the gland function is hyperfunction by first form, destroy the equilibrium of calcium and phosphorus, cause the abnormal state of kidney and skeleton. Shown as urine way calculus, osteoporosis. Out of shape,etc.. And the gland function is hyperfunction is caused by gland adenoma by first form by first form of about 80%. So the hyperfunction patient is to considering the gland function by first form of the supersound clinically. Observe the back side of the thyroid gland especially. If find the border behind the thyroid gland and clear, has membrane of bag, the low echo is real to take the location in the internal blood flow signal is abundant, combine symptom and physical sign that the gland function is hyperfunction by first typical form, can generally diagnose gland adenoma by first form in supersou论文导读：=O.133kpa),Manyteetharelossed,theleftleafofthyroidglandtouchesthefirsttubercleindistinctly,thehearthasnomurmur,livertouchO,walktheintersectionofthyroidglandandultrasonicinspectionunderthetheintersectionofspleenandrib,useinstrumentpopone'sheadforGE-
nd, it is very helpful too for this pair to instruct the operation to excise.
6 Analysis of cases 2
Patien源于：毕业设计论文www.7ctime.com
t men, 63 years old, begin to present waist back, heel, knee joint and pain before 7 a, obvious after or shoulders a hey task after the activitying, teeth are become flexible, lossed at the same time, the hunchback is obvious, the height is reduced, until hing difficulty getting about, the difficulty of taking care of oneself. Before 2 d, fall and cause right shoulder fracture to admitted to hospital promptly carelessly.Check the body: Pulse 8O time / min, blood pressure 12O/ 8O mmHg, (< 1 mmHg =O.133 kpa),Many teeth are lossed, the left leaf of thyroid gland touches the first tubercle indistinctly, the heart has no murmur, liver touch O, walk the intersection of thyroid gland and ultrasonic inspection under the the intersection of spleen and rib, use instrument pop one's head for GE-vivid3, unless frequency 1O M is by Z, lie supine while fetching patient on location,head slightly in layback /last shank fully.

6.1 result

The color exceeds the finding: The left leaf of thyroid gland is 5.5 cm> 2.1 cm> 1.6 cm is 5 the right leaf.3 cm> 2源于：期刊论文www.7ctime.com
.2 cm> 1.7cm is thick the gorge one: 0.4 cm see a low echo of tubercles in right leafSize is about 0.6 cm> 0.3 cm is clear DFI the circle the edge rule: The peripheral visible blood flow of tubercle, my thyroid gland echo is owed G sees 2 behind the left leaf of thyroid gland separately.8 cm> 1.7 cm> 1.4cm low the intersection of echo and district take the form of, divide perimeter foliate clear like, it is obvious membrane CDFI of bag border: The inner blood flow is abundant. Point out: Thyroid gland left leaf rear getting real to take location

6.2 discussion

By gland reveal, be can find but because gland is relatively rare in pathological change by first form when be increased supersounded, and is adjoint to with the thyroid gland closely, if is careless, the extremely apt localization to the two cause and obscure, thought thyroid gland pathological change gland pathological change by first form by mistake.The differentiation main point in the audiovideo picture two is as follows, the intersection of gland and swollen thing it lies behind the thyroid gland to be or different to lie in in the other positions by the first form; The intersection of gland and swollen the intersection of thing and low echo see thyroid gland the intersection of tubercle and common many kinds of echoes behe more by the first form; The swollen thing bag of gland becomes and the calcification cooking stove is rare by first form, generally there is not a perimeter that let the ring faint; The general internal blood flow of swollen thing of gland is abundant by first form.In addition, in clinical manifestation, the hyperplasia of gland by first form, adenoma or gland cancer can cause osseously to ta论文导读：agnosisofthyroidtumorFigure2Glandcancerbyfirstform8CONCLUSIONAstointhepatientultrasonicinspectionwhosecretesurinecalculusofclinicalrepeatedoutbreakthatmeets,needtopaymoreattentiontoglandillnessbyfirstform,ifcanfindearly,canremovethesufferings
ke off calcium, blood calcium increases, blood phosphorus is reduced, symptom that the gland function is hyperfunction by a series of first forms such as fracture and kidney stone,etc. that occur frequently.So required the supersound doctor wants the thinking to widen, met above-mentioned symptom and supersound and behed, consider the possibility of gland pathological change by first form, offer the valuable reference suggestion for the fact that clinical.7 thyroid gland color exceeds behing
Relatively tumour of the cancer volume of thyroid gland obviously increases, it is particularly prominent to increase directly after in the past, the intersection of diameter and 1.7~3.7cm, how round in shapely, as shown in Fig. 2, edge irregular, it is obvious to surrounding tissue invading moist to grow, inside can not present homogeneously the echo, lower than the low echo person of tumour, colored blood flow reveals abundantly, fast-growing, the characteristic apt to recur. The tumour differential diagnosis of gland is shown in Table 1 and shown by good malignant first form
Table 1 The color exceeds the good malignant differential diagnosis of thyroid tumor
Figure 2 Gland cancer by first form
8 CONCLUSION
As to in the patient ultrasonic inspection who secretes urine calculus of clinical repeated outbreak that meets, need to pay more attention to gland illness by first form, if can find early, can remove the sufferings for the patient fundamentally.
The ultrasonic skill makes a reservation, for confirming operation way, find tumour to help greatly rapidly. If find and occur frequently adenoma, all excise once, oid two operations, reduce the patient's agony. Therefore color exceed with simple, he characteristic of person who create, until diagnosis and good differentiation of malignant tumour, gland of illness open up the inspection method reliably by the first form satiactory diagnosis rate.
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