对于论隐喻产生语言，认知和文化原因
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论文导读：domain,andametaphoricallanguageiormed.Ⅲ.LanguageandMetaphorMetaphorisakindoflanguagephenomenon.Inthestrictsenseisolatedwordcannotbecalledametaphor.Onlyinspecificcontextcantellifawordisusedasametaphor.Metaphoris123下一页
摘 要：隐喻的产生有多种因素。人类"思维的贫困"产生了隐喻。隐喻不仅是一种认知现象，同时又是一种语言现象。本文从隐喻产生的角度出发，探讨了隐喻与语言，认知以及文化之间存在的联系。
关键词: 隐喻，语言，认知，文化
The Emergence of Metaphor:on the linguistic, cognitive and cultural causes
Abstract: Complex factors ge rise the phenomenon of metaphor. The "Poverty of thought" made the emergence of metaphor. Metaphor is more than a means of rhetoric, is an important basis of building the new language forms. Metaphor is not only a kind of language phenomenon, but also a kind of phenomenon of human cognition.
Key words: metaphor, language, cognition, culture
Ⅰ.Introduction
How does metaphor come out? Due to the limitation of thinking ability or lack of existed words or expressions, human beings he to use another thing to talk about something while cognizing changing objects, which means that they must use metaphor as their cognitive measure. The emergence and use of metaphor is a common phenomenon of natural language. Traditional metaphor theory takes metaphor as a kind of linguistic phenomenon, which is a kind of rhetoric phenomenon for modifying the utterance. However, metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon, more important is a kind of phenomenon of human cognition. Linguistic metaphor occurs on various linguistic levels and takes words or sentences as its 'focus' and context as its 'frame'. Whether a metaphor has occurred and how it should be interpreted is entirely dependent on context. The essence of metaphor is to comprehend and experience one thing through another. Therefore, in a manner of speaking, metaphor is semantic interaction of the two cognition fields.
Ⅱ.How does Metaphor Emerge?
Metaphor is a comprehensive linguistic phenomenon. It is the natural development of thinking and language. When people's thinking developed to a certain stage, it has not satiied understanding and expression for specific things, but need to cognize, think and express some abstract concepts and thoughts. At this time, people did not endlessly create new words, but associated the new abstract concepts with their known matters, and found the similarity between each other, thus using the existing knowledge to think about and express the new concept. As a result, emerged the projection between two cognitive domain, and a metaphorical language is formed.
Ⅲ.Language and Metaphor
Metaphor is a kind of language phenomenon. In the strict sense isolated word cannot be called a metaphor. Only in specific context can tell if a word is used as a metaphor. Metaphor is论文导读：emetaphorianifestedthroughlinguisticmetaphor.First,weconceptuallymetaphorizeonecategorytoanother,andthentherewillcomeoutawordmetaphorizingtoanotherword.Ⅳ.CognitionandMetaphorMetaphorisalsoakindofphenomenonofhumancognition.Asacognitivephenomenon,metaph
the most common expression of language, is one of the important means of cog论隐喻产生的语言，认知和文化原因由提供海量免费论文范文的www.7ctime.com,希望对您的论文写作有帮助.nizing world and language changes. Essentially, people's concept system is metaphorical, and the metaphor is manifested through linguistic metaphor. First, we conceptually metaphorize one category to another, and then there will come out a word metaphorizing to another word.Ⅳ.Cognition and Metaphor
Metaphor is also a kind of phenomenon of human cognition. As a cognitive phenomenon, metaphor is closely linked with people's way of thinking and thinking development process. People's Daily life is full of metaphor. In oral communication every three sentence will appear a metaphor on erage. The largest defect of traditional metaphor theory is that it ignored metaphor as a kind of intercourse between ideas, as the transaction between contexts. People's thinking is metaphorical, it through the contrast to think. Thus, the language of metaphor comes. Simply put, no human cognitive activities, there is no metaphor formation. It can be said that the approval between metaphor and cognition is helpful to the development of linguistics.
Ⅴ.Culture and Metaphor
To some extent, metaphor is the symbol of culture. It is a common mode of thinking and cognition, which is closely linked with culture. With the same cultural tradition and life experience, some metaphorical concept systems of human society express the same cultural connotation. On the other hand, each language has different cultural background, metaphor also show their differences. As a part of the culture, Metaphorical concept system is consistent with the most basic values of social culture. Being experienced from life, metaphorical thinking and concept system cannot be separated from social culture environment, and be emerged spontaneously.
Ⅵ.Conclusion
As Lakoff and Johnson made the definition of metaphor: 'the essence of metaphor is understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another'. Metaphor and human cognition are connected with each other. Metaphor, which can reflect the relationship between languages and cognitive thoughts, is one of the ways of human perceiving the world. Therefore, metaphors are common in people's daily life. Metaphor is more than a means of rhetoric, is an important basis of building the new language forms including words, phrases and other language units. Metaphorical thinking makes people to understand new knowledge and c论文导读：G.&Johnson,M.(1980),MetaphorsWeLiveBy(USA:UniversityofChicagoPress)Langacker，R.W.(2004)'Metonymyingrammar',JournalofForeignLanguages,vol.6,pp.2-24Ortony,A.(1979),Metaphor&Thought(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress)Wheelwright,R.(1962),Metaphorandrea
oncepts through familiar metaphor carriers. At the same time, the language and cultural interactive relationship illustrates that to know the cultural differences of metaphors between the two languages can help to improve learners' sensitiveness to the differences of foreign languages and cultures, then to improve the cross-cultural communicative competence.
References
[1]Black, M. (1962), Models and metaphors (USA: Cornell University Press)
[2]Hu Zhuanglin (2004), Metaphor and Cognition (China: Peking University Press)
[3]K论隐喻产生的语言，认知和文化原因相关范文由写论文的好帮手www.7ctime.com提供,转载请保留.ittay, E.F. (1987), Metaphor: Its cognitive force and linguistic structure (Oxford: Clarendon Press)
[4]Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980), Metaphors We Live By (USA: University of Chicago Press)
[5]Langacker， R.W. (2004) 'Metonymy in grammar', Journal of Foreign Languages, vol.6, pp.2-24
[6]Ortony, A. (1979), Metaphor & Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[7]Wheelwright, R. (1962), Metaphor and reality (India: Indiana University Press)
作者简介：王箐（1982-），女，安徽霍山人，工程师，主要从事语音教学工作。
摘 要：隐喻的产生有多种因素。人类"思维的贫困"产生了隐喻。隐喻不仅是一种认知现象，同时又是一种语言现象。本文从隐喻产生的角度出发，探讨了隐喻与语言，认知以及文化之间存在的联系。
关键词: 隐喻，语言，认知，文化
The Emergence of Metaphor:on the linguistic, cognitive and cultural causes
Abstract: Complex factors ge rise the phenomenon of metaphor. The "Poverty of thought" made the emergence of metaphor. Metaphor is more than a means of rhetoric, is an important basis of building the new language forms. Metaphor is not only a kind of language phenomenon, but also a kind of phenomenon of human cognition.
Key words: metaphor, language, cognition, culture
Ⅰ.Introduction
How does metaphor come out? Due to the limitation of thinking ability or lack of existed words or expressions, human beings he to use another thing to talk about something while cognizing changing objects, which means that they must use metaphor as their cognitive measure. The emergence and use of metaphor is a common phenomenon of natural language. Traditional metaphor theory takes metaphor as a kind of linguistic phenomenon, which is a kind of rhetoric phenomenon for modifying the utterance. However, metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon, more important is a kind of phenomenon of human cognition. Linguistic metaphor occurs on various linguistic levels and takes words or sentences as its 'focus' and context as its 'frame'. Whether a metaphor has occurred and how it should be interpreted is entirely dependent on context. The essence of metaphor is to comprehend and experience one thing through another. Therefore, in a manner of speaking, metaphor is semantic interaction of the two cognition fields.
Ⅱ.How does Metaphor Emerge?
Metaphor is a comprehensive linguistic phenomenon. It is the natural development of thinking and language. When people's thinking developed to a certain stage, it has not satiied understanding and expression for specific things, but need to cognize, think and express some abstract concepts and thoughts. At this time, people did not endlessly create new words, but associated the new abstract concepts with their known matters, and found the similarity between each other, thus using the existing knowledge to think about and express the new concept. As a result, emerged the projection between two cognitive domain, and a metaphorical language is formed.
Ⅲ.Language and Metaphor
Metaphor is a kind of language phenomenon. In the strict sense isolated word cannot be called a metaphor. Only in specific context can tell if a word is used as a metaphor. Metaphor is论文导读：emetaphorianifestedthroughlinguisticmetaphor.First,weconceptuallymetaphorizeonecategorytoanother,andthentherewillcomeoutawordmetaphorizingtoanotherword.Ⅳ.CognitionandMetaphorMetaphorisalsoakindofphenomenonofhumancognition.Asacognitivephenomenon,metaph
the most common expression of language, is one of the important means of cog论隐喻产生的语言，认知和文化原因由提供海量免费论文范文的www.7ctime.com,希望对您的论文写作有帮助.nizing world and language changes. Essentially, people's concept system is metaphorical, and the metaphor is manifested through linguistic metaphor. First, we conceptually metaphorize one category to another, and then there will come out a word metaphorizing to another word.Ⅳ.Cognition and Metaphor
Metaphor is also a kind of phenomenon of human cognition. As a cognitive phenomenon, metaphor is closely linked with people's way of thinking and thinking development process. People's Daily life is full of metaphor. In oral communication every three sentence will appear a metaphor on erage. The largest defect of traditional metaphor theory is that it ignored metaphor as a kind of intercourse between ideas, as the transaction between contexts. People's thinking is metaphorical, it through the contrast to think. Thus, the language of metaphor comes. Simply put, no human cognitive activities, there is no metaphor formation. It can be said that the approval between metaphor and cognition is helpful to the development of linguistics.
Ⅴ.Culture and Metaphor
To some extent, metaphor is the symbol of culture. It is a common mode of thinking and cognition, which is closely linked with culture. With the same cultural tradition and life experience, some metaphorical concept systems of human society express the same cultural connotation. On the other hand, each language has different cultural background, metaphor also show their differences. As a part of the culture, Metaphorical concept system is consistent with the most basic values of social culture. Being experienced from life, metaphorical thinking and concept system cannot be separated from social culture environment, and be emerged spontaneously.
Ⅵ.Conclusion
As Lakoff and Johnson made the definition of metaphor: 'the essence of metaphor is understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another'. Metaphor and human cognition are connected with each other. Metaphor, which can reflect the relationship between languages and cognitive thoughts, is one of the ways of human perceiving the world. Therefore, metaphors are common in people's daily life. Metaphor is more than a means of rhetoric, is an important basis of building the new language forms including words, phrases and other language units. Metaphorical thinking makes people to understand new knowledge and c论文导读：G.&Johnson,M.(1980),MetaphorsWeLiveBy(USA:UniversityofChicagoPress)Langacker，R.W.(2004)'Metonymyingrammar',JournalofForeignLanguages,vol.6,pp.2-24Ortony,A.(1979),Metaphor&Thought(Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress)Wheelwright,R.(1962),Metaphorandrea
oncepts through familiar metaphor carriers. At the same time, the language and cultural interactive relationship illustrates that to know the cultural differences of metaphors between the two languages can help to improve learners' sensitiveness to the differences of foreign languages and cultures, then to improve the cross-cultural communicative competence.
References
[1]Black, M. (1962), Models and metaphors (USA: Cornell University Press)
[2]Hu Zhuanglin (2004), Metaphor and Cognition (China: Peking University Press)
[3]K论隐喻产生的语言，认知和文化原因相关范文由写论文的好帮手www.7ctime.com提供,转载请保留.ittay, E.F. (1987), Metaphor: Its cognitive force and linguistic structure (Oxford: Clarendon Press)
[4]Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980), Metaphors We Live By (USA: University of Chicago Press)
[5]Langacker， R.W. (2004) 'Metonymy in grammar', Journal of Foreign Languages, vol.6, pp.2-24
[6]Ortony, A. (1979), Metaphor & Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[7]Wheelwright, R. (1962), Metaphor and reality (India: Indiana University Press)
作者简介：王箐（1982-），女，安徽霍山人，工程师，主要从事语音教学工作。